Thirty‐four cases of eosinophilic granulomas, 18 cases of diffuse histiocytosis‐X, 2 cases of Letterer‐Siwe‐like syndrome with immunodeficiency, 4 cases of malignant histiocytosis and virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome were studied. On paraffin section, S100 protein, lysozyme, alpha‐1‐anti‐trypsin, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, Transferrin, Ferritin, peanuts agglutinin, Concanavalin‐A, and dolichos biflorus associated antigen were stained by the immunoperoxidase method. In a few fresh materials, T‐cell subpopulation by use of monoclonal antibodies (OKT‐3, 4, 6, and OK‐M1) was examined by the immunoperoxidase method. Two types of Langerhans' cells were found, one is positive for Ferritin and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin in diffuse histiocytosis‐X cells, and another is negative for them in both eosinophilic granulomas. Diffuse histiocytosis‐X cell resembled the transformed type of Langerhans cell more than eosinophilic granuloma cells in cellular differentiation. It seemed that the term prolangerhans' cell proliferation disorder might be responsible for I
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