In order to create a vacuum within a closed container, or vessel, we need to remove the molecules of air and other gases that reside inside by means of a pump. The vacuum vessel and pumps (mechanical, booster, diffusion, holding) together with the associated piping manifolds valves, gages and traps comprise a typical vacuum system. Let's learn more. Mechanical Pumps To reach the various vacuum levels, different vacuum pumping systems are required. The foundation of any of these systems is the positive displacement mechanical, or roughing, pump. The roughing pump - so called because it is used to produce a "rough" vacuum - is used in the initial pumpdown from atmospheric pressure to around 2 X 10~(-2) torr, depending on the type of pump. The internal components of the mechanical pump (Fig.2) help us understand its operation. Basically, it is an eccentric cylinder driven about an axis by an electric motor.
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机译：为了在密闭的容器或容器中产生真空，我们需要通过泵清除残留在其中的空气和其他气体分子。真空容器和泵（机械的，增压的，扩散的，保持的）以及相关的管道歧管阀，量规和疏水阀共同构成一个典型的真空系统。让我们了解更多。机械泵要达到各种真空水平，需要使用不同的真空泵系统。这些系统中任何一个的基础都是正排量机械泵或粗加工泵。根据泵的类型，在从大气压到大约2 X 10〜（-2）托的初始抽空过程中，使用了粗抽泵（之所以称为粗抽泵，是因为它用于产生“粗抽”真空）。机械泵的内部组件（图2）有助于我们了解其操作。基本上，它是由电动机绕轴驱动的偏心缸。
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