Ectoparasitism in caprine with reference to immune-biochemical responses and therapeutic evaluation

摘要

A survey was conducted in northern India and data obtained over one year from randomly selected animals indicated that ectoparasitism was present throughout the year, but infestation varied with season, age of the animals and part of the body affected. Body weight gain and milk yield were significantly higher in healthy goats. Hb, TEC, total protein, albumin and blood glucose were significantly low while TLC, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, total cholesterol, total lipids, bilirubin, bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention and activities of AST and ALT enzymes were significantly high in affected goats. There was significant reduction in total serum immunoglobulins, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and cell mediated and humoral immune responses in the infested animals. Combination of neem powder, baboot bark powder and sulfur powder (5CH-25+25%) as a dust was effective against ticks and mites. A spray of amitraz and neem oil was effective against ticks and mites within 2 days and second applicationwas not required until 35 days after first treatment. A 25% emulsion containing sulfur powder, neem leaf extract and karanj oil in water also showed good response against ectoparasites and was effective up to 33 days for ticks and 39 for mites. Lice wereeffectively controlled by dusting with mixture of neem powder and sulfur powder (25+75%) as it removed 54.7% lice from the goats.