Integrated management of carnation wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi using soil solarization and soil amendments

摘要

Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi is the most prevalent and damaging soil-borne disease of carnation in all parts of the world. In Himachal Pradesh, incidence upto 79 per cent has been recorded in different parts. As use of chemical fungicides adversely affect the beneficial soil microorganisms and environment, studies were conducted during 2011-12 and 2012-2013 to integrate the treatment of soil solarization with soil amendments of neem cake, neem granules and biof umigant (cabbage leaves) for the management of carnation wilt. Combination of treatment of soil solarization with transparent polyethylene mulch for 40 days with soil amendment of neem cake followed by cabbage leaves was found at par with combination of soil solarization followed by three drenching with combi-fungicide comprising of carbendazim 25% + iprodione 25% which resulted in reducing the wilt incidence by 89.0 to 100 per cent in comparison to unsolarized and unamended control. Combination of soil solarization withsoil amendment with neem oil cakes/granules or T. virideformulation was more effective than soil drenching with chemical fungicides in improving the plant growth and quality of the flowers. Among all the treatments, integration of soil solarization withsoil application of Trichoderma viride followed by amendment of neem cake was found most effective in improving the shoot length by 79.8 to 84.6 per cent with 48 to 55 times increase in number of A grade flowers in comparison to unsolarized and unamendedcontrol.