For efficient foundry operations, the requirements of moulding sands attain maximum importance. In fact, in a modern foundry management, the control of sand properties like green compression strength, dry strength, refractoriness, flowability, shatter index and reusability is of primary consideration. The sand-mix for moulding contains several ingredients to meet specific requirements. The problem of determining optimum proportions of various ingredients is quite complex, since an ingredient added for achieving a particular property for specific purposes indirectly affects other properties also. Determining all properties of a moulding sand separately and arriving at an acceptable composition at shop floor is almost impossible. There is a need to identify a single property of a sand-mix, which, if controlled properly, takes care of other required properties. In view of its importance, several investigations have been carried out in the recent past on control of properties of clay bonded sands.
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