Ruprecht 147: The oldest nearby open cluster as a new benchmark for stellar astrophysics

摘要

Ruprecht 147 is a hitherto unappreciated open cluster that holds great promise as a standard in fundamental stellar astrophysics. We have conducted a radial velocity survey of astrometric candidates with Lick, Palomar, and MMT observatories and have identified over 100 members, including 5 blue stragglers, 11 red giants, and 5 double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). We estimate the cluster metallicity from spectroscopic analysis, using Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME), and find it to be M/H = +0.07 ± 0.03. We have obtained deep CFHT/MegaCam g′r′i′z′ photometry and fit Padova isochrones to the (g′-i′) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (J-K _S) color-magnitude diagrams, using the τ~2 maximum-likelihood procedure of Naylor, and an alternative method using two-dimensional cross-correlations developed in this work. We find best fits for Padova isochrones at age t = 2.5 ± 0.25 Gyr, m-M = 7.35 ± 0.1, and A_V = 0.25 ± 0.05, with additional uncertainty from the unresolved binary population and possibility of differential extinction across this large cluster. The inferred age is heavily dependent on our choice of stellar evolution model: fitting Dartmouth and PARSEC models yield age parameters of 3 Gyr and 3.25 Gyr, respectively. At 300 pc and 3 Gyr, Ruprecht 147 is by far the oldest nearby star cluster.