A proliferation of applications for near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy has been driven by recent advances in instrumentation and chemometrics. These include the development of smaller, portable instruments with no moving parts, suitable for process environments, and new data treatments and calibration algorithms to model nonlinear relationships between spectra and chemical constituents. The intent of this review is to focus on recent developments in near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, including chemometrics and new applications of NIR reflectance in several diverse fields, rather than to address indepth the historical development of NIR. Certain topics, such as chemometrics, deserve a comprehensive review by themselves, and the reader is urged to consult the original sources for greater depth. As a newcomer to the field, I have attempted to present those topics which may be of greater interest to the novice.
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