The need for mining industries to be sustainable requires them to maintain the balance between global competition and environmental responsibility. Depletion of available and easily mineable reserves offers opportunities to develop novel processes to treat complex or lower grade ores. The need to meet stricter environmental guidelines will demand efficient use of process effluents and wastes and offer opportunities to recover values from mining and metallurgical wastes. The paper will discuss emerging hydrometel-lurgical applications in the mining industry from primary and secondary sources.
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