During the last decade, it had become abundantly clear that the exclusive use of photonics for telecommunications,vizfixed point to point communication of all forms of information would provide vastly improved and more reliable facilities at less cost with reduced maintenance problems. A beginning had been made in utilising the optical fibre but with lots of electronics to utilise photonics. During 1988#x2013;1991, applications of materials sciences and engineering have provided pure silical glass lines on which a pulse can be transmitted to unlimited distances and in local area networks by using optical fibre broadband amplifiers. Development of devices like transphasers and seeds, improved solid state lasers, low loss couplers, etc, have made it possible to embark on entirely photonic links in telecommunications.
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