Urine samples were collected from 200 subjects undergoing intravenous pyelography. The urine histamine levels were compared with those of 132 normal control subjects, 11 subjects with systemic mastocytosis, six subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis, and ten subjects experiencing mild anaphylactic reactions during allergy immunotherapy. Compared with normal controls, as a group, all subjects receiving intravenous contrast media had increased urine histamine (P0.05 by Student's t-test) while those subjects experiencing adverse reactions had considerably larger increases. The urine histamine levels in the subjects experiencing systemic reactions were in the same range as those observed in patients having mild anaphylactic reactions to immunotherapy and somewhat lower than those found in idiopathic anaphylaxis or systemic mastocytosis. These data suggest that some histamine release accompanies infusions of contrast media in all subjects and that larger amounts of histamine release are associated with adverse reactions.
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