A LiNbO{sub}3 optical modulator is an essential device for high-speed optical transmission systems. In this paper, we discuss characteristics of NRZ single-drive modulators, NRZ dual-drive modulators, and clock-modulator-integrated RZ modulators. Number of electrodes and wavelength chirping influence with optical waveforms, phase match between signals of electrodes, and tolerance of wavelength dispersion. Moreover, we developed NRZ dual-drive modulators with a 3-dB bandwidth of 40 GHz and a drive-voltage of 2.4 V at 40 Gb/s.
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Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, USA;
