TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in ambient air of Shahr-e Kord, Iran’s rooftop; levels, characterisation and health risk assessment of particles-bound heavy metals

摘要

ABSTRACT In this study, the ambient air quality had monitored in views of particulate matter levels and their heavy metals content in a high-altitude region, Shahr-e Kord for the first time. The levels of Total Suspended Particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, PM1, TSP-bound Heavy metals, and the related health risks had evaluated from December 2018 to March 2019. The average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 61.85, 51.57, 19.28, and 3.03?μg/m3in December, 54.15, 19.68, 7.37, and 4.89?μg/m3in February, 24.05, 11.32, 4.42, and 2.88?μg/m3in January, 68.22, 33.72, 14.21, and 3.73?μg/m3in March respectively. The concentrations of HMs in TSP ranked in the following decreasing order: Hg>As>Mn> Ni> Cr> Cu>Pb (ng/m3). The health risk assessment showed that the inhabitants in Shahr-e Kord were within the safe range of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks attributed to the exposure with heavy metals present in ambient air.