Fasting from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is a time of increased spirituality for Muslims through reflection, devotion and prayer 1 . Fasting includes refraining from eating, drinking, smoking, sexual activity and taking oral medications. Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic lunar calendar; in 2022, it will begin in the evening of 2 April and will continue until the evening of 1 May. However, the start date can vary owing to the nature of the lunar calendar and is usually around 11 days earlier than the previous year each year 2 .
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