Recent Advances in Graphene and Graphene-Based Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts: C-C And C-Y Coupling Reactions in Liquid Phase

摘要

Up to date, graphene has been widely used in organic transformations as a supporting material due to its superior physical and chemical properties as well as being cost-effective. Metal nanocomposite as a catalyst has been studied in the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds formation reactions such as Suzuki, Ullmann, Heck, Sonogashira, C-O, C-N, and C-S cross-coupling reactions. The efficient catalysts were characterized by analytical and microscopic techniques and investigated their reusability. The reactions gave the desired products (pharmaceutical intermediate products) an easier path. This review mainly focuses on metal nanoparticles supported by graphene derivatives towards the C-C and C-Y (Y=O, S, N) cross-coupling reactions in liquid phase heterogeneous catalysis.