The need to develop and implement affordable and sustainable large-scale operations for the conversion of renewable resources to chemical building blocks is becoming increasingly urgent and essential in reducing global dependence on fossil fuels, including the critical aspect of minimizing the carbon footprint of the chemical industry. Commercial-scale manufacturing of second-generation biomass-derived chemicals has been implemented. It demonstrates novel technologies in bio-solvents based on the conversion of biomass to derivatives of levulinic acid. Products that are now commercially available include ethyl levulinate, butyl levulinate, levulinate propanediol ketal, and levulinate glycerol ketal.
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