Objective When infants suffer from nasal congestion, xylometazoline spray or drops can be effective to facilitate breathing and drinking. However, case reports on side effects have resulted in international warnings regarding use of xylometazoline in infants. Nevertheless, the incidence of these side effects in hospitalised infants is unknown. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Teaching hospital between 2017 and 2021. Patients Infants under 2years of age. Exposure Receiving either saline-only (unlimited frequency, concentration 0.9) or in combination with xylometazoline (maximum three times daily, concentration 0.025).
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