From a perspective of spatial evolution, 31 provinces of China were selected as research units. Based on natural breaks (Jenks), local Moran' I index, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of China's digital economy development and CO2 emissions were explored, and the relationship between them was further revealed by the geographical detector. The results show that: first, from 2011 to 2019, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of China's digital economy development and China's CO2 emissions have the same transformation regulation that areas with high levels of digital economy development in China have lower levels of CO2 emissions. Second, economic development, environmental sustainability, fundamentals of digitisation, and human capital are four influencing aspects of China's digital economy development. Focused on the environmental sustainability, the detection results show that the driving force of CO2 emissions level increased from 0.61 in 2011 to 0.71 in 2019. The reduction of CO2 emissions is significantly positively correlated with the improvement of digital economy development.
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