Monitoring the seasonal variation of groundwater chemistry and quality assessment for agricultural and industrial purpose of Athgarh basin, India

摘要

The groundwater chemistry of a region is sensitive to climate change and to change of agricultural practice of the surrounding region. The water quality is also largely governed by the litho hydrological character of the region. Hence monitoring the hydrochemistry of the groundwater with respect to climate change is vital for detecting its suitability for irrigation of cropland and industrial use. The present study area Athgarh basin, belongs to upper Gondwana has a varied lithology. The regional scale data can be statistically related to climate change. Moreover, seasonal variation of water quality has been monitored after systematic collection of groundwater samples and their methodical physicochemical analysis. 75 water samples were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period of 2015-2016. The quality assessment is made through the estimation of physicochemical parameters, cations and anions. Based on these analyses, the irrigational parameters like salinity hazard, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), potential soil salinity (PS), magnesium ratio (MR), corrosivity ratio (CR) and permeability index (PI) were calculated to determine the suitability of groundwater for irrigational and industrial purpose. The groundwater falling under (Doneen's) class-II is almost good for irrigation purpose whereas groundwater falling under class-III indicates poor water quality. The groundwater samples are excellent to good as per Wilcox diagram. From Gibb's diagrams, it can be established that the groundwater of the study area is mainly dominated by the lithology of aquifer of the concerned region.Various classifications show that present status of groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose, except few locations, with a caution that it may deteriorate in near future.