Advanced Cathode Materials for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

摘要

Intermediate-temperature proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs)–a promisingpower generation technology–have attracted significant attention in recentyears because of their unique advantages over conventional high-temperaturesolid oxide fuel cells and low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuelcells. The cathodes of PCFCs simultaneously require efficient channels forproton, oxide-ion, and electron transfer; therefore, designing and engineeringcathode materials with tailorable H~+, O~(2?), and e~? conductivities are crucial forimproving PCFC performance. Despite significant efforts and critical progressin this field, exploring the desired cathode materials remains challenging.This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of oxide materialsfor PCFC cathodes, particularly triple H~+/O~(2?)/e~? conductors. Their protonuptake, conduction mechanisms, and structure–property relationships arefocused on to guide future material design. In addition, the electrochemicalperformance of these cathode materials in PCFCs is discussed and the electrochemicalperformance gaps among PCFCs with different types of cathodematerials are defined. Finally, perspectives on the development of highperformancePCFCs are proposed.