Abstract The rapid increase in coastal urbanization profoundly impacts various environmental components and significantly transforms coastal ecosystems to the degree they lose their integrity. Coastal zones are facing increasing pressure from socio-economic development and climate change. Sustainable coastal planning and management must understand better how humans changing the physical environment of coastal areas to present a rational and comprehensive direction for development. The purpose of this research is to systematically review, with the following aims: (1) describe scientific debates on anthropogenic activities on the coastal landscape; (2) systematically identify the landscape structure of the changing coastal ecosystem; and (3) discuss the consequences of the change. Research articles from the database are systematically mapped and reviewed to summarize the state of current evidence-based information related to the characters and effects of change. The 114 articles selected indicate that there are numerous adverse actions and consequences of anthropogenic landscape change. Humans significantly influence the structure of the coastal ecosystem. Consequently, the functions of the coastal ecosystem are altered and degraded. This review proposed spatial planning guidelines to maintain or restore the ecological integrity of coastal development, especially where only small portions of formerly intact coastal ecosystems remain.
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