Biologically Assisted Construction of Advanced Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

摘要

Bio-organisms with various architectures and versatile physiological functionsprovide a substantial bibliography for electrode design. To elucidate howbio-organisms and bio-schemes take effect in advanced electrode materials,this review sorts bio-assisted construction into two categories, namely,biotemplating synthesis and biomimetic artificial fabrication. The formersection summarizes unique characteristics of different biotemplates forelectrode preparation, including “bottom-up” structural designability ofbiomolecules, metabolism involving, and genetic alterable properties ofbiological cells, as well as, the structural regularity and integrity of bio-tissues,with the aim to provide guidelines for manipulating bioarchitectures andendow biotemplating synthesis of electrodes with more designability. Thelater describes recent efforts in using bio-prototypes to enhance the essentialproperties associated with advanced electrodes, including mechanicalproperties, wettability, mass transport, electron/charge transfer, and catalyticactivity, with intensive concerns on the function principles of biomimeticdesigns in electrochemical systems. Then, advances in applications ofbioderived and biomimetic electrode materials are summarized emphasizinghow bio-structures/components and bionic designs help to enhance thecharging/discharging and electrocatalytic performance in specificelectrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. Finally, future trendswith prospects and challenges for developing new bioderived/biomimeticelectrode materials, as well as, related conceptual innovation on bionics, arediscussed in the last section.