In relativistic quantum field theories, the traditional renormalization approach leads to Hamiltonians with infinite counterterms. The infinities cancel when this Hamiltonian is used to calculate the renormalized finite S-matrix and related observable properties in a good agreement with experiment, However, time evolution of state vectors and observables cannot be studied without a well-defined finite Hamiltonian. Based on the "clothed particle" approach (O. W. Greenberg and S. S. Schweber, 1958, Nuovo Cimento 8, 378). we reformulate the theory in such a way that ultraviolet infinities appear neither in the S-matrix nor in the Hamiltonian. In this formulation the Hamiltonian is finite and allows us to calculate the time evolution of wave functions. the S-matrix, and other properties by a straightforward application of quantum mechanical rules without renormalization. A rigorous approach to the bound states in quantum field theory is also discussed using the hydrogen atom as an example. (C) 2001 Academic Press. [References: 27]
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机译：在相对论量子场论中，传统的重整化方法导致哈密顿量具有无限的反条件。当使用该哈密顿量计算重归一化的有限S矩阵和相关的可观测属性时，无限项会抵消，但是与实验相吻合，但是，如果没有明确定义的有限哈密顿量，则无法研究状态向量和可观测量的时间演化。基于“衣服颗粒”方法（O. W. Greenberg和S. S. Schweber，1958年，Nuovo Cimento 8，378）。我们以这样的方式重新构造了理论，即紫外线无穷既不会出现在S矩阵中也不会出现在哈密顿量中。在此公式中，哈密顿量是有限的，它使我们能够计算波动函数的时间演化。通过直接应用量子力学规则而无需重新归一化即可获得S矩阵和其他属性。还以氢原子为例，讨论了量子场论中对束缚态的严格方法。 （C）2001学术出版社。 [参考：27]
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