As described in WO 2021/123203 and WO 2021/123206, the purity of crude 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid can be improved by hydrogenation. Hydrogenation preferably is conducted by contacting crude carboxylic acid composition with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation solvent preferably is water. The hydrogenation catalyst can comprise one or more metals or metal compounds selected from Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Os, Ni, Co and mixtures thereof on a carrier, preferably palladium on carbon. The amount of palladium tends to be of from 0.2 to 0.8 % by weight on total catalyst.
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