Actuators translate hydraulic energy back into mechanical energy. This can be in the form of linear or rotary motion. Linear actuators. Linear output devices include hydraulic cylinders, rams, cushioning devices, servo positioners, and pressure intensifiers. Hydraulic cylinders are available in single-acting and double-acting types, as shown in figure 1. Single-acting cylinders normally have a single rod. Double-acting cylinders come with a single rod or double rod. Double-acting double-rod cylinders provide equal force and velocity for a given pressure and flow rate if both rods are the same diameter because the annular areas on both sides of the piston are equal. Double-rod cylinders used for steering applications provide equal movement for the same steering-wheel rotation in either direction.
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