Protein S-Nitrosation: Biochemistry, Identification, MolecularMechanisms, and Therapeutic Applications

摘要

ProteinS-nitrosation (SNO), a posttranslational modification(PTM) of cysteine (Cys) residues elicited by nitric oxide (NO), regulates a widerange of protein functions. As a crucial form of redox-based signaling by NO,SNO contributes significantly to the modulation of physiological functions, andSNO imbalance is closely linked to pathophysiological processes. Site-specificidentification of the SNO protein is critical for understanding the underlyingmolecular mechanisms of protein function regulation. Although carefulverification is needed, SNO modification data containing numerous functionalproteins are a potential research direction for druggable target identification anddrug discovery. Undoubtedly, SNO-related research is meaningful not only for thedevelopment of NO donor drugs but also for classic target-based drug design.Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of SNO, including its origin andtransport, identification, function, and potential contribution to drug discovery.Importantly, we propose new views to develop novel therapies based on potentialprotein SNO-sourced targets.