Ecological and Geographical Analysis of Ornithocomplexes of the Tobol-Irtysh Forest Steppe and Steppe of Western Siberia and North Kazakhstan in the First Half of Summer

摘要

According to the results of bird counts carried out in 140 habitats over 12 years, a hierarchical classification and a structural graph of the similarity of ornithocomplexes in the lowland southwestern part of Western Siberia and North Kazakhstan have been compiled in the period from 1982 to 2002. The hierarchical classification contains ten types of bird populations. The similarity graph is built at the level of types and is represented by three rows (trends). One row consists of bird complexes of residential and recreational areas, the second from wetlands, and the third from forest, forest-field, and steppe habitats. The characteristics of taxa of the classifications contain information on the three most numerous bird species (leaders in abundance), their share in the community, population density, and the background species richness. Based on the assessment of the degree of coincidence of the similarity of bird communities and environmental factors, a hierarchy of the impact of the main anthropogenic and natural factors determining the formation of the bird population has been established.