Advances in Nanozymes as a Paradigm for Viral Diagnostics and Therapy

摘要

Over the past few decades, humankind has constantly encountered new viral species that cre-ate havoc in the socioeconomic balance worldwide. Among the method to combat these novel viral infec-tions, fast and point-of-care diagnosis is of prime impor-tance to contain the spreading of viral infections. However, most sensitive diagnostic systems for viral in-fections are time-consuming and require well-trained professionals, making it difficult for the patients. In re-cent years nanozymes emerged as promising therapeu-tic and fast diagnostic tools due to their multienzyme-like catalytic performance. Nanozymes can be designed using inorganic or organic components with tailorable physicochemical surface properties, enabling the at- tachment of various molecules and species on the sur- face of the nanozyme for specific recognition. In addition to the composition, the multienzyme-like cata- lytic performance can be modulated by the shape and size of the nanoparticles. Due to their multicatalytic abilities, nanozymes can be used for fast diagnosis and therapy for viral infections. Here we attempt to focus on the insights and recent explorations on the advances in designing various types of nanozymes as a theranos- tic tool for viral infections. Thus, this review intends to generate interest in the clinical translation of nano- zymes as a theranostic tool for viral infections by providing knowledge about the multidisciplinary po-tential of nanozyme.Significance Statement--The multienzyme-like prop-erties of nanozymes suggest their role in diagnosing and treating various diseases. Although the potential roles of nanozymes for various viral infections have been studied in the last few decades, no review provides recent explora-tions on designing various types of nanozymes for the de-tection and treatment of viral infections. This review provides insights into designing nanozymes to diagnose and treat viral infections, assisting future researchers in developing clinically translatable nanozymes to combat novel viral infections.