Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Mechanically Engineered Ultrathin Indium-Tin-Oxide Electrodes

摘要

Flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) play a critical role whenachieving highly flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for potential applicationssuch as wearable, portable, and aerospace power sources. Despiteextensive exploration of electrode materials and substrate engineering, therehave been few reports on flexible PSCs with both satisfactory performanceand flexibility. Here, highly conductive indium-tin-oxide (ITO) based ultrathinTCEs are developed for highly efficient, and foldable perovskite solar cells andmodules. By introducing an additional aluminum oxide (AlO_x) layer to thesubstrate, deformation-free ITO-based ultrathin (≈10 μm) TCEs are successfullyfabricated. A champion flexible perovskite solar cell and module usingultrathin TCEs achieve efficiencies of 19.16% and 13.26% (aperture areas of0.078 and 16 cm~2), respectively, outperforming reference devices using commercialhigh-performing flexible TCEs. The modules maintain 100% and 92%of their initial performance after 10 000 bending cycles with a radius of 1 and0.5 mm, respectively, which is unprecedented on module scale.