Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) occupies one of the leading positions in the structure of sleep disorders. SDB is accompanied by damage to brain tissue in the form of organic (atrophic changes to the amygdala, hippocampus, and insular lobe) and functional (cognitive dysfunction, emotional disorders) abnormalities. This review uses analysis of experimental and clinical studies to describe potential pathways for protecting the brain from damage in SDB by modulating the glia. We conclude by presenting potential directions for further research seeking to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in brain damage in SDB.
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