Introduction: Although symptomatic manifestations in encephalitis vary, they typically include seizures, memory deficit(s), and altered consciousness. Psychosis also occurs as an initial manifestation. In clinical practice, clinicians often encounter the question of whether first-episode psychosis (FEP) originates from encephalitis itself or if encephalitis presenting with FEP develops concurrently. The prognosis of FEP among patients with overall encephalitis, including autoimmune encephalitis, remains uncertain. Methods: We examined a prognostic factor in patients with encephalitis who had both FEP and CSF pleocytosis. A total of 36 patients who presented with FEP were enrolled. A score of ≥3 and ≤2 on the modified Rankin scale were defined as poor and good outcomes, respectively. A total of 13 independent variables were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Significant variables on univariate logistic regression analysis included female sex (OR 5.571, 95% CI: 1.297–23.934; p = 0.021) and the use of mechanical ventilation during the acute stage (OR 7.286, 95% CI: 1.508–35.211; p = 0.013). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the use of mechanical ventilation during the acute stage (OR 5.446, 95% CI: 1.044–28.615; p = 0.044) was significantly associated with poor outcomes. Conclusions: The use of mechanical ventilation is a poor prognostic factor of subacute encephalitis with FEP, and female sex may be a risk factor for unfavorable development of the disease.
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