Eco-routing problem (ERP) is concerned with selecting the optimal route for a vehicle to minimize fuel consumption. For delivery activities, the vehicle is often required to finish the trip within a given period, so we propose a time-constrained ERP for this case. Since the nonlinearities in the fuel consumption model and the time constraint make the ERP difficult to solve, this paper develops a method to linearize it into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that off-the-shelf optimizers can efficiently solve. When delivering perishables, the ERP should take the deterioration process into account. Thus, this paper further extends the time-constrained ERP to a bi-objective ERP, setting weighted normalized total deterioration value and fuel consumption as the objective function. Numerical experiments are implemented to investigate the performances of the proposed models and solution methods: The results demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed solution method. The sensitivity analysis confirms the existence of a trade-off between the total deterioration value (TDV) of perishable goods and the fuel consumption of the delivery vehicle. This trade-off can be efficiently balanced through the integration of speed optimization into the routing decision-making process. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that the vehicle can achieve a lower TDV with the same fuel consumption when traffic conditions are better.
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