There have been examples of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning in use since the 1970's (e.g. Brabb et al., 1972; Nilsen, et al., 1979; Kienholz, 1978). The hazard and risk maps have usually incorporated the estimated frequency of landsliding in a qualitative sense rather than quantitatively. These examples of zoning have generally been used to manage landslide hazard in urban areas by excluding development in some higher hazard areas and requiring geotechnical engineering assessment of slope stability before development is approved in other areas. In some countries landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk maps are being introduced across the country. For example the PPR (Plans de Prevention des Riques Naturels Previsibles) in France and the Cartes de Dangers or Gefahrenkarten in Switzerland are carried out at the Canton level but with Federal funding support (Leroi et al., 2005).
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机译：自1970年代以来一直有滑坡易感性和灾害分区的例子（例如Brabb等，1972; Nilsen等，1979; Kienholz，1978）。灾害和风险图通常从定性而非定量的角度考虑了滑坡的估计频率。这些分区的例子通常被用于管理城市地区的滑坡灾害，方法是排除某些高危险地区的开发，并要求在其他地区批准开发之前对岩土的稳定性进行岩土工程评估。在一些国家，正在全国范围内引入滑坡敏感性，灾害和风险图。例如，法国的PPR（自然灾害预防计划）和瑞士的Cartes de Dangers或Gefahrenkarten在州一级进行，但需要联邦政府的资助（Leroi等，2005）。
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