Vacuum-Free and Solvent-Free Deposition of Electrodes for Roll-to-Roll Fabricated Perovskite Solar Cells

摘要

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting widespread attention due to theirexceptional photovoltaic performance and their potential for large-scale productionvia low-cost, high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) methods. Full realizationof this production approach requires replacement of the evaporated metalelectrode commonly used in PSCs. Here, a novel vacuum-free R2R-compatiblemethod is introduced to fabricate and deposit printed electrodes based onelectrically conductive pastes, which avoids potential loss of PSC performancedue to solvent migration from the pastes. Flexible R2R-fabricated PSCs withrecord power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 16.7% are produced byvacuum-free deposition of all functional layers, apart from the transparentconductive electrode. This performance compares very favorably with that ofcontrol flexible PSCs comprising an evaporated gold electrode, which displaysPCEs of up to 17.4%. Furthermore, the PSCs comprising a printed electrodedemonstrate outstanding operational and mechanical stability, with negligibleloss of PCE after 24 h of continuous 1-sun illumination and retention of morethan 90% of their initial PCE after 3000 cyclic bends.