Mitigating Strategies of Gibberellins in Various Environmental Cues and Their Crosstalk with Other Hormonal Pathways in Plants: a Review

摘要

Phytohormones are chemical substances that in minute concentration instruct a plethora of developmental and physiological responses in plants. These signal molecules synthesized within the plant body are referred to as plant growth regulators. The available literature revealed that manipulation of phytohormonal content could be a promising approach towards augmentation of environmental stress tolerance in crop plants. They play pivotal role in acclimatization against unstable environmental extremes. Gibberellins are plant hormones affecting germination, stem elongation, flowering, abolition of dormancy, determination of sex expression, leaf and fruit senescence, and enzymatic stimulation. The uncertainty in climatic condition and over expanding population has led to a heap of abiotic stresses in plants. Salinity, high temperature, chilling, freezing, heavy metals, drought, flooding, allelochemicals, and radiation are the stresses that hinder development of plants. The perception of these stresses by plants occurs in a highly coordinated and interactive manner by triggering the activation of a myriad of elaborate signaling networks in which phytohormones play a significant role. The present review describes biosynthesis, signaling, and the potential roles of gibberellins as a tool in mitigating stress, increasing growth, development, and tolerance in plants. In future, revelations evolving the comprehensive knowledge to understand the relationship of plant growth regulators and stress conditions are discussed. This review also enlightens the latest research progress in GA signaling and its crosstalk with other hormonal pathways, underlying the multitude role of DELLA proteins with components of other hormonal signaling pathways.