Traditionally the actuation of subsea valves are actuated either via manual operation, i.e. divers and remote operating vehicles (ROV) or hydraulic actuators. Hydraulic actuators utilise pressurised hydraulic fluid to either open or close the valve, frequently using a spring to reverse the operation. The supply of the pressurised hydraulic fluid can involve lengthy and costly umbilicals. One alternative approach which is gaining more and more acceptance is for the use of subsea electrical actuators.
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