WHILE THE WHOLE of agriculture trends toward automation technologies, the pro-duction operations of tree fruit crops still requires a fair amount of manual labor.The pruning of apple trees, for instance, comprises about 20% of total preharvest production costs. Between 30 and 35 working hours of skilled labor are required per acre for manual pruning of apple trees. The dilemma increases ever more as the labor force diminishes and labor costs rise.
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