A state of review: challenges and techniques of laterite soil stabilisation using chemical, economical, and eco-friendly materials

摘要

To date, the instability, as well as the strength of laterite soils in the construction application, has been widely addressed by many scholars. One of the main strategies to improve the laterite soil's characteristics is to utilise an effective soil stabiliser (i.e., chemical stabilisation). Previous studies have shown that the strength of the laterite soil has been increased considerably through the utilisation of effective soil stabilisers in various applications. Besides tackling the limitations of laterite soils, concerted efforts worldwide have sought to achieve the desired engineering soil properties by using a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach. To this end, this study aims to thoroughly review the existing soil stabilisers in the literature, which were developed in previous experimental studies. First, an introduction of the laterite composition and the laterite soil's stabilisation mechanism was provided, followed by a detailed discussion on a variety of soil stabilisers. Various materials were investigated in terms of their effectiveness as efficient soil stabilisers. However, this study primarily focused on economical and eco-friendly materials, including industrial solid waste, agricultural wastes, mineral solid wastes, chemical materials, geo-polymeric binders, and various ashes. The effectiveness of these materials has been assessed using the unconfined compressive strength test and the California bearing ratio test. Finally, several key challenges and future scope of the laterite soil stabilisation using soil stabilisers were carefully addressed.