Abstract A study has been made of the deformation field in a plane strain orthogonal cutting of a model granular material. In our experiments, images of orthogonal cutting were recorded in situ during the deformation process, and these images were analyzed to quantify the velocity and strain rate in the soil ensemble around the tool (or plough). Deformation field parameters such as velocity, strain rate, strain and volumetric strain have been measured using particle image velocimetry. We study the evolution of this deformation field from a state of incipient cutting to a steady state of deformation at large strains. These measurements have shown among other things, the presence of a small dead zone ahead of the plough, and regions of velocity jumps (or intense strain rates or shear bands) which make the deformation fields highly inhomogeneous. The characteristics of the deformation field compare favorably with proposed slip line field solutions in the literature. We make use of our experimentally measured deformation field parameters to determine the extent of strain localization in the material and the inclination angle of shear bands as they have a direct bearing on the continuum level, constitutive description of granular materials.
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