Dimensional Tuning in Lead-Free Tin Halide Perovskite for Solar Cells

摘要

Due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) power conversion efficiency has rapidly grown to 25.7. Nonetheless,lead poisoning is a significant hurdle to the deployment of perovskite solarcells (PSCs). Tin is the most alternative with the most potential due to its similarelectric and electronic properties to lead and its less hazardous nature. Yet,the performance of Sn-based PSCs lags significantly below that of Pb-basedPSCs due to the Sn (II)’s easy oxidation to Sn (IV). Incorporating large-sizedorganic cations to form quasi-two-dimensional (2D) structured-tin perovskitesincreases the stability of the PSC. In addition, the hydrophobic group ofthe quasi-2D structure inhibits moisture and oxygen from penetrating theabsorber layers. This review analyzes and evaluates the characteristics andperformance of quasi-2D Sn-based perovskites such as Ruddlesden–Popper,Dion–Jacobson, and alternating cation interlayer (ACI). This work furtherproposes alternative strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of tinbasedPSCs, including constructing new mixed 2D/3D perovskite structures,enhancing the transmission capacity, novel organic cations, and fabricatingnew ACI perovskite structures and controlling perovskite strain.