Hyperfine structure which appears in the energy level of nuclei caused by the interaction between nuclear and electron spins is introduced. The interactions between charges of nuclei and electrons and their resulting energy shifts: electric quadrupole interaction and isomer shifts are also explained. Origin of M?ssbauer effect, in the spectra of which the results of the hyperfine interactions appear eminently, is described. As one of the applications of the M?ssbauer spectroscopy, estimations of magnetic anisotropy constants and particle size distribution from the relaxation profiles of the M?ssbauer spectra are introduced.
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