Long-Cycle-Life Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries toward Large-Scale Energy Storage Systems

摘要

The development of large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) aimed atapplication in renewable electricity sources and in smart grids is expected toaddress energy shortage and environmental issues. Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) exhibit remarkable potential for large-scale ESSs because of the highrichness and accessibility of sodium reserves. Using low-cost and abundantelements in cathodes with long cycling stability is preferable for loweringexpenses on cathodes. Many investigated cathodes for SIBs are dogged bystructural and morphology changes, unstable interphases between thecathode and the electrolyte, and air sensitivity, causing unsatisfactory cyclingperformance. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of capacitydegeneration in depth and developing precise solutions are critical fordesigning low-cost cathodes that are highly stable under cycling. Herein,recent progress in long-cycle-life and low-cost cathodes for SIBs is focused on,and a comprehensive discussion of the key points in SIBs toward large-scaleapplications is provided. The roots of the unstable cycling performance oflow-cost cathodes are discussed. Also, effective strategies are summarizedfrom the recent progress on long-cycle-life and low-cost cathodes. This reviewis expected to encourage deeper investigation of long-lifespan cathodes forSIBs, particularly for potential large-scale industrialization.