Pediatric kyphosis is a specific disease entity of sagittal plane back deformity in pediatric and adolescent patients. Smooth round kyphosis is frequently encountered in this age and it can be differentiated as posture kyphosis and Scheuermann's disease. Other types of kyphosis include syndromic kyphosis, congenital kyphosis and miscellaneous causes. In this paper, we will discuss the diagnosis and evaluation methods, treatment options and surgery for pediatric kyphosis. The doctors should be familiar with different surgical approach and osteotomy methods to facilitate prognosis, minimize complications and improve patient's quality of life.
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