Welcome to the 4th joint European Society for Artificial Organs-international Federation for Artificial Organs Congress.

摘要

The 4th Joint European Society for Artificial Organs-International Federation for Artificial Organs (ESAO-IFAO) Congress will take place in Porto, Portugal from October 9-12, 2011. For the second time in the history of IFAO, the ESAO will host scientists and bioengineers from the realm of artificial organs. Economies profit from long term cycles of progress that have been advanced by innovative basic inventions. This observation already described in the 1930s by Nikolai Kondratieff (1892-1938) is still valid today. The famous "Kondratieff cycles" refer to basic innovations that are not continuously available but come true in cycles. The success of economies of the Western Hemisphere in the past can be associated to innovative periods related, for example, to "steel and railway" to "chemistry and electronics" and to "information technology" in the past. Following perceptions to date, the fifth Kondratieff Cycle describes innovations in the realm of "health care and modern therapy modes," although Kondratieff personally could not have foreseen such a development.