Blueprint for a Palliative Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Fellowship

摘要

Opportunities for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to train for specialty palliative care practice are insufficient to meet workforce needs. Graduate nursing programs in the United States do not have uniform or required curricula in palliative and end-of-life care of the seriously ill. In clinical practice, APRNs acquire palliative care skills by a mix of on-the-job experience, self-study, and continuing education. While physician colleagues can pursue post-residency training in one of 156 accredited hospice and palliative medicine fellowships, there are fewer than a dozen fellowships for APRNs, each training between one and three nurse fellows for specialty palliative care practice. This disparity slows the pipeline of palliative nursing experts and leaders, taxes employers with significant training duties, and results in an APRN workforce without uniform training. There are grass roots initiatives—often by non-nursing educators—to adapt existing physician and interprofessional fellowships for nurse learners, both in palliative care and other specialties. While these efforts help meet staffing needs and promote interprofessionalism, these programs are built upon medical curricula and competencies rather than grounding from a nursing framework. Nursing fellowship directors may not have the same administrative support, protected nonclinical time, funding, or access to nursing mentors and faculty afforded to their medical counterparts. This article provides a blueprint for clinician educators from nursing or non-nursing disciplines, who want to develop or refine training programs for APRNs that adhere to palliative nursing standards and offer a curriculum integrated with supervised practice and mentorship.