Invasive species denialism: a reply to Ricciardi and Ryan

摘要

This paper offers a defense against ad hominem aspersions cast in this journal by Ricciardi and Ryan (Biol Invasions 20(3):549-553, 2018) who allege that several articles I wrote represent invasive species denialism and science denialism. I summarize the arguments found in those articles. They are (1) science cannot define ecological harm and thus cannot measure its risk; (2) invasion biologists rely on tautologies, i.e., definitions of concepts like biodiversity and ecosystem intactness, that exclude exotic species; (3) no empirical evidence shows that introduced plants have been significant causes of extinction; (4) biologists cannot tell by observing a species whether it is native or a naturalized alien; and (5) debates over the meanings and measurements of key concepts in invasion biology have passed the point of diminishing returns. These arguments may be wrong but none is similar to the denialism that has affected climate science and medical science as Ricciardi and Ryan aver.