Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability. It is associated with characteristic physical features and multiple comorbidities, due to the process of accelerated ageing. Improved recognition and access to healthcare in recent decades has dramatically increased life expectancy. However, as a result, people with the syndrome are more at risk of developing conditions associated with ageing, significantly Alzheimer's dementia. The diagnosis of dementia remains a challenge in the context of intellectual disability, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. The importance of recognising early signs is a key to improving management and prognosis.
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