Role of mesenchymal stem cells in reestablishing immunologic tolerance in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

摘要

The process of immunologic tolerance is critical in preventing autoimmune disease and maintaining immune system homeostasis. Increased understanding regarding cytokine networks has led to the development of neutralizing antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and against interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 signaling in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there remains an unmet need, given the significant number of patients not achieving remission or whose condition fails to respond to these drugs. Mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools for the repair of damaged joint tissue such as cartilage, bone, and tendons. Moreover, MSCs have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo (1).