Ginkgo biloba Extract Attenuates Hematological Disorders, Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Single or Repeated Injection Cycles of Cisplatin in rats: Physiological and Pathological Studies

摘要

Background and Objective: Cisplatin (CIS) is known to cause nephrotoxic effect, depression in erythrocytes (anemia), leukocytes (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia) in a dose-dependent manners which limits its clinical use. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba{G$) extract against hematological and pathological disorders, oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by single or repeated injection cycles of cisplatin in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals weredivided into six equal groups (n = 10). Negative and positive control groups (received vehicle, GB 150 mg kg-', respectively), cisplatin intoxicated groups (received 24 mg kg-1 as a single i.p. injection, or as three repeated injection cycles; each cycles consists of 4 daily low dose 2 mg kg-1 b.wt, followed by 10 days recovery period) and GB preventive groups (received the same treatment as intoxicated groups in concomitant with daily 150 mg kg-1 b.wt, of GB orally, started 5 days before first CIS injection). The possible ameliorative effect of GB was determined on CIS-induce alterations in Relative Kidney Weight (RKW), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, blood picture, tissue oxidative parameters, histopathologic and histo-morphometric analysis and quantification of TUNEL positive cells. Results: The study revealed significant increase in RKW, serum creatinine and BUN, renal malondialdehyde(MDA), quantitative and semi-quantitative grading of renal pathology and number of TUNEL positive cells/HPFin CIS intoxicated groups. Moreover, significant decrease was reported in renal glutathione (GSH), Hb concentration, RBCs, WBCs and platelets count in CIS intoxicated groups. Significant improvements in some of these parameters were reported with GB prior-treatment. Conclusion: Prior-treatment with GB partially attenuated the CIS induced anemia, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.