We propose a hypothesis for the mechanism that ensures coordination of saccadic movements of the eye when observing real objects or images of real objects, including stereoscopic images. We show that angular screen parallaxes cannot exceed a certain critical value for viewing of stereoscopic images to be free of image doubling or viewer discomfort. We also demonstrate that the distance interval over which a stereoscopic image can be viewed without image doubling rapidly decreases as the viewing distance decreases; this does not support high transmission quality of spatial depth under typical viewing conditions for television broadcasts, where viewing distances are short; by contrast, high quality can be achieved in cinematography, where the viewing distances are relatively long. The use of 3D virtual-reality helmets has been proposed to increase the apparent depth of field in 3D television broadcasts. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America.
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