Determination of PM1, PM2.5, PM5, CO and CO2 Emission Rates and Emission Factors of Mosquito Coils by a Chamber Experiment

摘要

PM1, PM2.5, PM5, CO and CO2 emission rates and factors of popular mosquito coils, including a low-smoke coil, marketed in India, were estimated by a chamber experiment in conjunction with a mass balance model. Emission rates of PM1, PM2.5 and PM5 from different coils ranged from 1.0-6.3, 7.2-37.3 and 7.2-106.4 mg h(-1), respectively, with the low-smoke coil having highest PM(1)emission rate. Emission factors of PM1, PM2.5 and PM5 ranged from 0.5-4.3, 4.9-15.6 and 4.9-44.5 mg g(-1) coil, respectively, and the low-smoke coil had the highest emission factor for PM1 (4.3 mg g(-1) coil). PM2.5 emission factor of low-smoke coil (12.1 mg g(-1) coil) was similar to other coils (9.0-15.6 mg g(-1) coil. On the other hand, CO and CO2 emission factors ranged from 121.1-248.7 to 417.5-674.9 mg g(-1) coil. Loss of carbon through emissions of combined CO and CO2 ranged from 30.9 to 53.86% of carbon present in coils. Taking global annual mosquito coil sales as approximately 40 billion, the annual PM1, PM2.5, CO and CO2 emissions from mosquito coils globally is estimated to be about 384, 5760, 60000, 216000 Metric Ton (MT), taking average mosquito coil weight as 12 g and average PM1, PM2.5, CO and CO2 emission factors as 0.8, 12, 125 and 450 mg g(-1) coil estimated in this study.